What Is CARICOM?
How Does It Benefit The Caribbean?

What Is CARICOM? | The CARICOM Flag (Photo: wikipedia.com)

by Sheree-Anita Shearer | Associate Writer

CARICOM is one of the oldest surviving integration movements in the current world. How does CARICOM serve the Caribbean? What are the benefits?

After a majority of the Caribbean countries had received independence, the concept of uniting all these small nations came to be and was actualised through the establishment of CARICOM, the Caribbean Community.

What does CARICOM mean?

CARICOM an acronym for Caribbean Community is the organisation responsible for regional matters affecting the interest of the member states and the unification of the Caribbean through a shared interest in various sectors.

When was CARICOM formed?

The Caribbean Community and Common Market were established by the signing of the treaty of Chaguaramas, on August 1st, 1973 in Trinidad and Tobago. This initial singing was done by the Prime Ministers of the founding members Barbados, Jamaica, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago.

But it must be noted that this was not the Caribbean nations' first attempt at regional integration, the West Indies Federation precedes it.

The Federation’s core members and goals were the same, the full outfit of countries being: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, the then St Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, Saint Lucia, St Vincent and Trinidad and Tobago.

However, it was not meant to be. Trinidad and Tobago were the first to withdraw their membership followed by Jamaica, which led to the collapse of the federation in 1962 just four years after its inception in 1958.

Trinidad and Tobago, though withdrawing their membership put forth the concept of the CARICOM instead consisting of all the original members of the federation and sovereign states or dependent nations in the region who wish to join. It would take over a decade before the treaty of Chaguaramas but we eventually got there.

How many countries are part of CARICOM?

Today, there are 20 members; 15 member states and 5 associate members a considerable increase in the initial four countries; Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago.

The other countries that are now a part of the Caribbean Community are:

Member States

1. Antigua And Barbuda
2. Bahamas
3. Barbados
4. Belize
5. Dominica
6. Grenada
7. Haiti
8. Jamaica
9. Montserrat
10. Saint Lucia
11. St. Kitts and Nevis
12. St. Vincent and the Grenadines
13. Suriname
14. Trinidad and Tobago

Associate Members

1. Anguilla
2. Bermuda
3. The British Virgin Islands
4. Cayman Islands
5. Turks and Caicos Islands

• The Bahamas, which became a member in 1983, is the 13th member state of the community but is not a member of the common market.
  
  
• Guyana, Suriname and Belize are the only mainland countries in the community. Guyana is the only English-speaking mainland country. Guyana is also the country where the headquarters of CARICOM can be found.
  
  
• Haiti was first an associate member before it became a member state, making it the first French-Speaking member of CARICOM.

All 5 associate member states are British overseas territories. Associate member states share some obligations with member states with some limitations to their position.

For example, there are only expected to be a part of deliberations in which they have a direct interest. Associate members are also permitted to all institutions of CARICOM except the Council of Foreign and Community Relations.

Members meet twice yearly to properly discuss the issues both regional and international, affecting the Caribbean and to shape shared policies throughout the member states.

Each member has equal say in the policies and policies are not influenced by the population or economic status of each country.

Who can join CARICOM?

The treaty of Chaguaramas in its initial form and the revised version of 2002, both make it clear that admission to the CARICOM is open to all states and territories in the Caribbean that is in the opinion of the leaders of CARICOM in a position to exercise the rights and assume the responsibilities of membership.

What is the Main Purpose of CARICOM?

The idea of CARICOM was built on economic integration, foreign policy coordination, human and social development and security throughout the Caribbean countries that are member states of CARICOM.

These four areas, described as the “pillars of integration” seek to ameliorate the region by:

• Improving the standard of living
• Increasing the employment rate in the region
• Sustained economic development
• Expanding trade and economic relations between the member countries.
• Enhancing the levels of international competitiveness
• Increasing production and productivity in the region
• Enhancing the coordination of policies between the countries associated with CARICOM

I spoke earlier of the shared interest of these nations. There are quite a few similar struggles between all the nations that are a part of CARICOM and even those in the Caribbean who are not members or associate members.

For one, all CARICOM countries are still developing countries that are comparatively small to countries outside of the region namely the United States, Canada and Europe.

Most of these countries had a heavy dependence on agriculture, mining or both for decades and have had to transition from those two sectors to more service-driven markets such as tourism and hospitality.

Also, the Caribbean is exposed to quite a number of natural disasters majorly hurricanes, floods, droughts and to a lesser extent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

The region is very vulnerable to external financial shocks. A common phrase in Jamaica is that if America sneezes, Jamaica has pneumonia. We have an economy that is heavily tied to the economies of more developed nations through imports and exports as well as remittances a trait shared with quite a few Caribbean countries.

Institutions of CARICOM

1. Caribbean Congress of Labour
2. CARICOM Private Sector Organization (CPSO)
3. Caribbean Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (CCREEE)
4. Caribbean Tourism Organisation (CTO)
5. CARICOM Development Fund (CDF)
6. University of the West Indies (UWI)
7. University of Guyana (UG)
8. Caribbean Law Institute (CLI)/Caribbean Law Institute Centre (CLIC)
9. Council of Legal Education (CLE)
10. Caribbean Export and Investment Agency (Carib-Export)
11. Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU)
12. Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC)
13. CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality (CROSQ)
14. Caribbean Regional Information and Translation Institute (CRITI)
15. Caribbean Meteorological Organisation (CMO)
16. Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism (CRFM)
17. CARICOM Implementing Agency for Crime and Security (IMPACS)
18. Caribbean Institute for Meteorology and Hydrology (CIMH)
19. Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC)
20. Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)
21. Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)
22. CARICOM Competition Commission (CCC)
23. Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA)
24. Caribbean Agricultural Health and Food Safety Agency (CAHFSA)
25. Caribbean Aviation Safety and Security Oversight System- (CASSOS)
26. Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA)
27. Caribbean Centre for Development Administration (CARICAD)
28. Caribbean Agricultural Development Institute – CARDI
29. Caribbean Organisation of Tax Administrators (COTA)

Benefits of CARICOM

CARICOM PASSPORT

1. The Caribbean Single Market Economy allows the members of CARICOM to integrate into a single economic unit.
   
   
2. CARICOM countries benefit from a free trade area, which is the agreement between multiple countries in an area on a mutually beneficial free trade market. This usually means little to no tariffs on imports and exports.
   
   
3. This lessens the competition between these countries on the market share for certain products which in turn allows for more focus on niche products that each country provides. This helps to provide quality products to the consumers in each country as the manufacturers and distributors will be able to give the consumers better products at more affordable costs. The hope is that economic unification will ultimately resolve issues faced by the countries.
   
   
4. CARICOM members also have the freedom to work in skilled areas across the Caribbean as long as they obtain their CSME certificate.
   
   
5. If you are familiar with a Caribbean passport, then you might have seen the words Caribbean Community at the top and the assigned country at the bottom.
   
   
6. Before this, each country had stand-alone passports, but the CARICOM passport facilitates free travel between member states in the Caribbean.
   
   
7. There are no VISA requirements or extra hassle when travelling between these nations.

When is CARICOM Day?

What Is CARICOM? | Flags of Member and Associate Member States

The first day of July is CARICOM day though it is not actively celebrated by all members of the Caribbean.

Who is the President of CARICOM?

CARICOM does not have a president. The head of the organisation is referred to as the Chairperson. This is currently President Chandrikapersad Santokhi of Suriname.
While CARICOM has a far way to go when it comes to unifying the Caribbean, its accomplishments so far are worth celebrating.

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References & Sources For What Is CARICOM?

1. CARICOM. 2022. CARICOM-Caribbean Community - CARICOM. [online] Available at: [Accessed 23 September 2022].
2. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2022. Caribbean Community | international organization. [online] Available at: [Accessed 23 September 2022].
3. Globaledge.msu.edu. 2022. CARICOM: Introduction >> globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge. [online] Available at: [Accessed 23 September 2022].
4. Investopedia. 2022. Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM). [online] Available at: [Accessed 23 September 2022].
5. Passports?, 2022. CARICOM Passports | InternationalWealth.info. [online] InternationalWealth.info. Available at: [Accessed 23 September 2022].

What is CARICOM? | Written: September 23rd, 2022

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